Jimmy Cliff

 Jimmy Cliff , OM (born  James Chambers ; 1 April 1948)[ 2 ] is a Jamaican ska & reggae musician, multi-instrumentalist, singer and actor. He is the only living musician to hold the Order of Merit, the highest honour that can beGRANTED by the Jamaican government for achievements in the arts and sciences.

Cliff is best known among mainstream audiences for songs such as "Wonderful World, Beautiful People", "Many Rivers to Cross", "You Can Get It If You Really Want", "The Harder They Come", "Reggae Night" and "Hakuna Matata", and his covers of Cat Stevens' "Wild World" and Johnny Nash's "I Can See Clearly Now" from the film Cool Runnings. He starred in the film The Harder They Come, which helped popularize reggae across the world.[ 3 ] Cliff was one of five performers inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2010.

Early life, 1960s and 1970s
Jimmy Cliff was born in Somerton District, St. James, Jamaica.[ 4 ] He began writing songs while still at primary school in St. James, listening to a neighbour's sound system. In 1962 his father took him toKingston to go to Kingston Technical school, where he ended up sharing his cousin's one rented room in East Kingston.

Cliff sought out many producers while still going to school, trying to get his songs recorded without success. He also entered talentCONTESTS. "One night I was walking past a record store and restaurant as they were closing, pushed myself in and convinced one of them, Leslie Kong, to go into the recording business,STARTING with me," he writes in his own website biography.[ 3 ] After two singles that failed to make much impression, hisCAREER took off when "Hurricane Hattie" became a hit, while he was aged 14.[ 5 ] It was produced by Kong, with whom Cliff remained until Kong's death from a heart attack in 1971.

Cliff's later local hit singles included "King of Kings", "Dearest Beverley", "Miss Jamaica", and "Pride and Passion". In 1964, Cliff was chosen as one of Jamaica's representatives at the world's fair. He soon signed to Island Records and moved to the United Kingdom.[ 5 ] Island Records initially (and unsuccessfully) tried to sell Cliff to the rock audience, but his career took off in the late 1960s.[ 6 ] His international debut album was Hard Road to Travel, released in 1967. It received excellent reviews and included "Waterfall" COMPOSED by Nirvana's Alex Spyropoulos and Patrick Campbell-Lyons), which became a hit in Brazil and won the International Song Festival.[ 5 ]

"Waterfall" was followed in 1969 by "Wonderful World, Beautiful People" and "Vietnam" in 1970, both popular throughout most of the world. Bob Dylan called "Vietnam" the best protest song he had ever heard.[ 3 ] Also during this period, Cliff released a cover of Cat Stevens' "Wild World" as a single, but it was not included on his Wonderful World, Beautiful People album.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">In 1972, Cliff starred as Ivanhoe "Ivan" Martin in the classic reggae film, The Harder They Come, directed by Perry Henzell.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 7 ] As the film tells Martin's story, he is a young man without funds. Arriving in Kingston from the country, he tries to make it in the recording business, but without success. Eventually, he turns to a life of crime. The soundtrack album of the film was a huge success that sold well across the world, bringing reggae to an international audience for the first time. It remains one of the most internationally significant films to have come out of Jamaica since independence. The film made its debut at London's Gaumont cinema in Notting Hill on 1 September 1972.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-NME_Rock_.27N.27_Roll_Years_1_8-0" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 8 ] In 1975, Cliff sang on the first season of Saturday Night Live, episode 12, hosted by Dick Cavett. After a series of albums, Cliff took a break and traveled to Africa (the Nigeria-based Jamaican writer Lindsay Barrett was instrumental in Cliff's first trip there),<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-9" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 9 ] and subsequently converted to Islam, taking the new name: El Hadj Naïm Bachir.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-10" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 10 ]<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 11 ]

<span class="mw-headline" id="1980s_and_1990s" style="box-sizing:border-box;">1980s and 1990s
<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">Cliff quickly returned to music, touring for several years before he recorded with Kool & the Gang. In 1984, Cliff appeared at the Pinkpop Festival inLandgraaf, Netherlands. During The River Tour, Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band added Cliff's previously little-known song "Trapped" to their live set; it achieved great prominence when included on 1985's We Are the World benefit album. The follow-up, Cliff Hanger (1985) won aGrammy Award for 'Best Reggae Album', though it was his last major success in the United States until 1993. Also in 1985, Cliff contributed to the song "Sun City", a protest song written and composed by Steven Van Zandt and recorded by Artists United Against Apartheid to convey opposition to the South African policy of apartheid.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-NME_Rock_.27N.27_Roll_Years_2_12-0" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 12 ] Cliff then provided backing vocals on The Rolling Stones' 1986 album, Dirty Work and appeared in the comedy Club Paradise, co-starring with Robin Williams and Peter O'Toole,<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 13 ] and contributed several songs to the soundtrack, including "Seven Day Weekend", which he sang with Elvis Costello. In 1988, his song "Shelter of Your Love" was featured in the hit film Cocktail.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">Cliff appeared in the film Marked for Death in 1990, performing "John Crow" with the Jimmy Cliff Band.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 14 ] His recording of "You Can Get It If You Really Want" was used as a campaign anthem by the Sandinista National Liberation Front in the 1990 election in Nicaragua.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-politicsIndependent_15-0" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 15 ] In 1991, performed at the second Rock in Rio festival in Estádio do Maracanã in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He continued to sell well in Jamaica and, to a lesser extent, the UK, returning to the mainstream pop charts in the U.S. and elsewhere (#1 in France) with a version of Johnny Nash's "I Can See Clearly Now" on the Cool Runnings film soundtrack in 1993. In 1995, Cliff released the single "Hakuna Matata", a collaboration with Lebo M, a song from the soundtrack of the film The Lion King.

<span class="mw-headline" id="After_2000" style="box-sizing:border-box;">After 2000
Jimmy Cliff performing in Bildein, Austria, 2012<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">Cliff became an inaugural member of the Independent Music Awards' judging panel to support independent artists.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-16" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 16 ] In 2002, Cliff released the album Fantastic Plastic People in Europe, after first providing free downloads using p2p software. This album featured collaborations with Joe Strummer, Annie Lennox, and Sting as well as new songs that were very reminiscent of Cliff's original hits. In 2004, Cliff completely reworked the songs, dropping the traditional reggae in favour of an electronic sound, for inclusion in Black Magic. The album also included a recording of "Over the Border" with Joe Strummer. Cliff performed at the closing ceremony to the 2002 Commonwealth Games and in 2003, his song "You Can Get It If You Really Want" was included in the soundtrack to the film, Something's Gotta Give. He also appeared in July 2003 at the Paléo Festival in Nyon, Switzerland. The Jamaican government under P. J. Patterson honoured Cliff on 20 October 2003, by awarding him The Order of Merit, the nation's third-highest honour, in recognition of his contributions to the film and music of Jamaica. Cliff and Mervyn Morris are the only currently living figures from the arts to hold this distinction and he is the only living musician to do so.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">In 2007, Cliff performed at the opening ceremony at cricket's World Cup. In the spring and summer of 2010, Cliff embarked on an extensive tour of the U.S. and Canada.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-17" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 17 ] In 2009, "You Can Get It If You Really Want" was adopted by the British Conservative Party during their annual conference.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-politicsIndependent_15-1" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 15 ]It is unclear whether Cliff endorsed the political party. In September 2009, he was nominated for induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, following a campaign on his behalf by the American, Charles Earle.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-18" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 18 ] Cliff reacted to the news by saying, "This is good for Cliff, good for Jamaican music and good for my country." On 15 December 2009, he was officially announced as an inductee and was inducted on 15 March 2010 by Wyclef Jean.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-19" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 19 ]

Jimmy Cliff performing at Raggamuffin Music Festival#2011<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">In 2011, Cliff worked with producer Tim Armstrong, singer of the band Rancid, on The Sacred FireEP<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-20" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 20 ] and the full-length album Rebirth.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-21" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 21 ] Rebirth was nominated for a Grammy Award for 'Best Reggae Album'.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-22" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 22 ] The album was listed at #12 on Rolling Stone's list of the top 50 albums of 2012, saying "There's ska, rock steady, roots reggae, a revelatory cover of The Clash's "Guns of Brixton" delivered in Cliff's trademark soulful tenor, grittier but still lovely more than 40 years after his debut."<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-23" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 23 ] In December 2012, Cliff was named 'Artist of the Year' by digital newspaper the Caribbean Journal, citing his work on Rebirth.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-24" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 24 ]

<span class="mw-headline" id="Personal_life" style="box-sizing:border-box;">Personal life
<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">Cliff is not a Rasta, though he was briefly in between converting from Christianity to Islam.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-LA_Record_25-0" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 25 ] He now has a "universal outlook on life", and does not align himself with any particular movement or religion.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-LA_Record_25-1" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 25 ]<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-26" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 26 ] "Now I believe in science," he has said.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-LA_Record_25-2" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 25 ] He has a daughter and a son,<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-27" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 27 ] and resides in Jamaica.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-28" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 28 ]

Albums

 * Notes
 * A. <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_A" style="box-sizing:border-box;"> ^  Hard Road to Travel was released as Can't Get Enough of It in Jamaica in 1968 with minor changes in track listing.
 * B. <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_B" style="box-sizing:border-box;"> ^  Jimmy Cliff in Brazil consisted of new recordings as well as songs from Hard Road to Travel and Can't Get Enough of It.
 * C. <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_C" style="box-sizing:border-box;"> ^  Jimmy Cliff was released as Wonderful World, Beautiful People in the US in 1970.
 * D. <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_D" style="box-sizing:border-box;"> ^  Goodbye Yesterday was released as Two Worlds in Jamaica with minor changes in track listing.
 * E. <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_E" style="box-sizing:border-box;"> ^  Unlimited was re-released as The King of Reggae in 1976.
 * F. <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_F" style="box-sizing:border-box;"> ^  Struggling Man consisted of new recordings as well as songs from Wild World.
 * G. <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_G" style="box-sizing:border-box;"> ^  Music Maker was released as House of Exile in some territories.
 * H. <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_H" style="box-sizing:border-box;"> ^  Breakout was re-released as Samba Reggae in some territories in 1999 with minor changes in track listing.
 * I. <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_I" style="box-sizing:border-box;"> ^  Higher & Higher consists of new recordings as well as previously released material.

<span class="mw-headline" id="Compilations_and_live_albums" style="box-sizing:border-box;">Compilations and live albums

 * Notes
 * J. <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_J" style="box-sizing:border-box;"> ^  Best of Jimmy Cliff and The Very Best of Jimmy Cliff & Peter Tosh charted in French Compilations Chart, at number 1 and 5 respectively.

Filmography

 * 1972: The Harder They Come
 * 1986: Club Paradise
 * 1990: Marked for Death
 * 1997: Space Ghost Coast to Coast