Ashes to Ashes

"Ashes to Ashes" is a song by David Bowie, released in 1980. It made #1 in the UK and was the first cut from the Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps) album, also a #1 hit. As well as its musical qualities, it is noted for its innovative video, directed by Bowie and David Mallet. The lyrics revisit Bowie's Major Tom character from 1969's "Space Oddity", which he referenced once again in 1995 with "Hallo Spaceboy". The song's original title was "People Are Turning to Gold."[1]

Interviewed in 1980, Bowie described the song as "a nursery rhyme. It's very much a 1980s nursery rhyme. I think 1980s nursery rhymes will have a lot to do with the 1880s/1890s nursery rhymes which are all rather horrid and had little boys with their ears being cut off and stuff like that...".[2]  Years later, Bowie said that with "Ashes to Ashes" he was "wrapping up the seventies really for myself, and that seemed a good enough epitaph for it". ==Music and lyrics == Melancholic and introspective, "Ashes to Ashes" featured Bowie's reinterpretation of "a guy that's been in such an early song", namely Major Tom from his first hit in 1969, "Space Oddity". Described as "containing more messages per second" than any single released in 1980,[4]  the song also included plaintive reflections on the singer's moral and artistic journey:


 * I've never done good things
 * I've never done bad things
 * I never did anything out of the blue

Instead of a hippie astronaut who casually slips the bonds of a crass and material world to journey beyond the stars, the song describes Major Tom as a "junkie, strung out in heaven's high, hitting an all-time low". This lyric was interpreted as a play on the title of Bowie's 1977 album Low, which charted his withdrawal inwards following his drug excesses in America a short time before, another reversal of Major Tom's original withdrawal 'outwards' or towards space.[4]

The final lines, "My mother said, to get things done, you'd better not mess with Major Tom", have been compared to the verse from a nursery rhyme:[5]


 * My mother said
 * That I never should
 * Play with the gypsies in the wood

Bowie himself said in an interview with NME shortly after the single's release, "It really is an ode to childhood, if you like, a popular nursery rhyme. It's about space men becoming junkies (laughs)."[6]

Musically "Ashes to Ashes" was notable for its delicate synthetic string sound, counterpointed by hard-edged funk bass, and its complex vocal layering. Perhaps Bowie's most sophisticated sonic work to date, its choir-like textures were created by guitarist Chuck Hammer with four multi-tracked guitar synthesizers, each playing opposing chord inversions; this was underpinned by Bowie's dead-pan, chanted background voices.[7] ==Music video<span class="mw-editsection mw-editsection-expanded" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.25em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;direction:ltr;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:-0.25em;margin-right:0.25em;color:rgb(85,85,85);"> == Solarised colour in the music video<p style="line-height:19.1875px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;">The music video for "Ashes to Ashes" was one of the most iconic of the 1980s. Costing £250,000, it was at the time the most expensive music video ever made.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Strange_Fascination_5-1" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[5]  It incorporated scenes both in solarised colour and in stark black-and-white, featuring Bowie in the gaudy Pierrot costume that became the dominant visual representation of his Scary Monsters phase. Also appearing were Steve Strange and other members of the London Blitz scene, including Judith Frankland who had designed clothes for Strange's Visage videos<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[8]  and Darla Jane Gilroy, forerunners of (later participants in) the New Romantic movement that was heavily influenced by Bowie's music and image.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Strange_Fascination_5-2" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[5] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-The_Blitz_Kids_9-0" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[9]

<p style="margin-top:0.4em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:19.1875px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;">Bowie described the shot of himself and the Blitz Kids marching towards the camera in front of a bulldozer as symbolising "oncoming violence".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[10]  Although it appears that two of the Blitz Kids bow at intervals, they were actually trying to pull their gowns away from the bulldozer in an effort to avoid them getting caught.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-The_Blitz_Kids_9-1" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[9]  Scenes of the singer in a space suit—that suggested a hospital life-support system—and others showing him locked in what appeared to be a padded room, made reference to both Major Tom and to Bowie's new, rueful interpretation of him. Contrary to received opinion, the elderly woman lecturing Bowie at the end of the clip was not his real mother.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-The_Complete_David_Bowie_3-1" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[3]

<p style="margin-top:0.4em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:19.1875px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;">Record Mirror readers voted "Ashes to Ashes" and Bowie's next single, "Fashion", the best music videos of 1980.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[11] ==Release<span class="mw-editsection mw-editsection-expanded" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.25em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;direction:ltr;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:-0.25em;margin-right:0.25em;color:rgb(85,85,85);"> == <p style="line-height:19.1875px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;">"Ashes to Ashes" hit #4 in the UK Singles Chart in its first week of release, rising to #1 a week later, making it Bowie's fastest-selling single to that point in time.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Strange_Fascination_5-3" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[5]  It was issued in three different sleeves, the first 100,000 copies including one of four sets of stamps, all featuring Bowie in the Pierrot outfit he wore in the video.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-GoldenYears_12-0" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[12]  The B-side, "Move On", was a track lifted from his previous album, Lodger (1979). The US release had "It's No Game (No. 1)". The single peaked at #101 in America. ==Track listing<span class="mw-editsection mw-editsection-expanded" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.25em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;direction:ltr;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:-0.25em;margin-right:0.25em;color:rgb(85,85,85);"> == ==Production credits<span class="mw-editsection mw-editsection-expanded" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.25em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;direction:ltr;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:-0.25em;margin-right:0.25em;color:rgb(85,85,85);"> == ==Charts<span class="mw-editsection mw-editsection-expanded" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.25em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;direction:ltr;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:-0.25em;margin-right:0.25em;color:rgb(85,85,85);"> == ==Alternative versions<span class="mw-editsection mw-editsection-expanded" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.25em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;direction:ltr;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:-0.25em;margin-right:0.25em;color:rgb(85,85,85);"> == <p style="line-height:19.1875px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;">There have long been rumours of an extended unreleased version of the song, allegedly some 13 minutes long and featuring additional verses, a longer fade-out and a synthesizer solo.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-The_Complete_David_Bowie_3-2" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[3]  A 12:55 version that appeared on the bootlegFrom a Phoenix... The Ashes Shall Rise was a fake, repeating the song's instrumental breaks to achieve its additional length.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[28]  Similarly, an 11:44 version on bootleg albums such as Glamour, Vampires of the Human Flesh andMonsters to Ashes was again nothing more than the original track with segments repeated and looped. ==Live versions<span class="mw-editsection mw-editsection-expanded" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.25em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;direction:ltr;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:-0.25em;margin-right:0.25em;color:rgb(85,85,85);"> == ==Other releases<span class="mw-editsection mw-editsection-expanded" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.25em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;direction:ltr;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:-0.25em;margin-right:0.25em;color:rgb(85,85,85);"> == ==Cover versions<span class="mw-editsection mw-editsection-expanded" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.25em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;direction:ltr;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:-0.25em;margin-right:0.25em;color:rgb(85,85,85);"> == ==Cultural reference<span class="mw-editsection mw-editsection-expanded" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.25em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;direction:ltr;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:-0.25em;margin-right:0.25em;color:rgb(85,85,85);"> == <p style="line-height:19.1875px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;">For the 2008 sequel to their 2006 BBC TV series Life on Mars, the writing team of Matthew Graham and Ashley Pharoah decided to transplant the characters from 1973 to 1981, and chose the title Ashes to Ashes because they thought of it as "that year's big Bowie track".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[29]  They also borrowed the famous Pierrot iconography from the video of the Bowie single as part of the programme's visual design.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[30]  In the first season's finale, a car bomb goes off at the line "One flash of light".
 * 1) "Ashes to Ashes" (Bowie) – 3:34
 * 2) "Move On" (Bowie) – 3:16
 * Producers:
 * Tony Visconti
 * David Bowie
 * Musicians:
 * David Bowie: Vocals
 * Chuck Hammer: Roland GR500 guitar synthesizer
 * Carlos Alomar: Guitar
 * Andy Clark – synthesiser
 * Roy Bittan: Piano
 * George Murray: Bass
 * Dennis Davis: Drums
 * A live recording from a special performance at the BBC Radio Theatre, London, on 27 June 2000 was released on the bonus disc that followed the first releases of the Bowie at the Beeb album.
 * A live recording from A Reality Tour appears on the 2003 concert DVD.
 * The song was also played on the Serious Moonlight, Sound+Vision, Heathen, and Reality tours.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-The_Complete_David_Bowie_3-3" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[3]
 * To promote the single in August 1980, a so-called medley of "Space Oddity" and "Ashes to Ashes", called "The Continuing Story of Major Tom", was released on 12" in the US.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-GoldenYears_12-1" style="line-height:1em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[12]  However, this medley was simply "Space Oddity" cross-fading into the 7" single edit of "Ashes to Ashes". The promo's B-side was the full-length album version of "Ashes to Ashes".
 * It has appeared on the following Bowie compilations:
 * Changestwobowie (single edit) (1981)
 * Golden Years (1983)
 * Fame and Fashion (1984)
 * Sound and Vision (1989)
 * ChangesBowie (1990)
 * The Singles Collection (1993)
 * Best of Bowie (2002)
 * Sunna – Released on the Album Two Minute Terror
 * Lassigue Bendthaus – Pop Artificielle
 * Happy Rhodes – Rhode Songs (1993)
 * Tears for Fears – Released on the albums Ruby Trax, Saturnine Martial & Lunatic and David Bowie Songbook
 * Bic Runga – Live recording
 * Something for Kate – Live recording released on B-sides compilation CD
 * jacksoul – mySOUL (2006)
 * Tripod – Live version combined with "Space Oddity" (2006)
 * Samantha Mumba – Sampled in her "Body II Body" single. (2000)
 * Bojan Z – Xenophonia (2006)
 * Sneaker Pimps – ICA Home Taping Cover Set (2000)
 * The String Quartet – BowieMania: Mania, une Collection Obsessionelle de Beatrice Ardisson (2007)
 * Danny Michel – Loving the Alien: Danny Michel Sings the Songs of David Bowie (2004)
 * Northern Kings – Reborn (2007) with lead vocals by Tony Kakko
 * Jeniferever – Repetition Bowie (2007)
 * Keane – Tribute to "Ashes to Ashes" with the song "Better Than This" from the album Perfect Symmetry (2008)
 * Dana International – Sampled in her "Gotta Move On" song. (2002)
 * Mick Karn and Warpaint (different versions) – We Were So Turned On: A Tribute to David Bowie (2010)
 * A Perfect Circle – Live recording
 * Warpaint - We Were So Turned On: A Tribute to David Bowie (2010)